en:server:services:firewalld [Your Digital Privacy DIY Solutions

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====== Firewalld ======

[[https://firewalld.org/|firewalld]] is a firewall daemon developed by Red Hat. It uses nftables by default. 

Firewalld provides a dynamically managed firewall with support for network/firewall zones that define the trust level of network connections or interfaces. It has support for IPv4, IPv6 firewall settings, ethernet bridges and IP sets. There is a separation of runtime and permanent configuration options. It also provides an interface for services or applications to add firewall rules directly.


===== Packages =====

<code>
pacman -S firewalld ipset
</code>


===== Start =====

<code>
systemctl enable --now firewalld.service
</code>


===== Add & remove =====

After every change firewalld should always be reloaded:

<code>
firewall-cmd --reload
</code>


==== interface ====

<code>
firewall-cmd --change-interface=YOUR-INTERFACE --zone=home --permanent
</code>

or

<code>
firewall-cmd --add-interface=YOUR-INTERFACE --zone=home --permanent
firewall-cmd --remove-interface=YOUR-INTERFACE --zone=home --permanent
</code>

or

<code>
nmcli connection show
nmcli connection modify 'NAME' connection.zone home
</code>

<alert type="info" icon="fa fa-info-circle">Check your interface name/s with ''%%ip -o addr show scope global | awk '{print $2}'%%''.</alert>


==== service ====

Check if the favoured service is available by default ''ls /usr/lib/firewalld/services/'' or ''ls /usr/lib/firewalld/services/ | grep 'YOUR-SERVICE''. Otherwise, you have to [[#custom_made|create your own]].

<code>
firewall-cmd --add-service=kdeconnect --zone=home --permanent
firewall-cmd --remove-service=dhcpv6-client --zone=home --permanent
</code>


=== custom made ===

<code>
firewall-cmd --new-service=YOUR-NEW-SERVICE --permanent
firewall-cmd --service=YOUR-NEW-SERVICE --set-description=YOUR-NEW-SERVICE --permanent
firewall-cmd --service=YOUR-NEW-SERVICE --set-short=YNS --permanent
firewall-cmd --service=YOUR-NEW-SERVICE --add-port=1234/tcp --permanent
</code>

<code>
firewall-cmd --add-service=YOUR-NEW-SERVICE --zone=home --permanent
</code>


==== port ====

<code>
firewall-cmd --add-port=80/tcp --zone=home --permanent
firewall-cmd --remove-port=80/tcp --zone=home --permanent
</code>


=== forwarding ===

<code>
firewall-cmd --add-forward-port=port=12345:proto=tcp:toport=22:toaddr=192.168.1.50 --zone=home --permanent
firewall-cmd --remove-forward-port=port=12345:proto=tcp:toport=22:toaddr=192.168.1.50 --zone=home --permanent
</code>


==== zone ====

<code>
firewall-cmd --new-zone=YOUR-ZONE --permanent
firewall-cmd --delete-zone=YOUR-ZONE --permanent
</code>


==== masquerade ====

<code>
firewall-cmd --add-masquerade --zone=home --permanent
firewall-cmd --remove-masquerade --zone=home --permanent
</code>


==== new policy ====

<code>
firewall-cmd --new-policy NAT_int_to_ext --permanent
firewall-cmd --policy NAT_int_to_ext --add-ingress-zone wireguard --permanent
firewall-cmd --policy NAT_int_to_ext --add-egress-zone home --permanent
firewall-cmd --policy NAT_int_to_ext --set-target ACCEPT --permanent
</code>

<alert type="info" icon="fa fa-info-circle">Based on [[/en/server/services/wireguard]].</alert>


===== List =====


==== active zones ====

<code>
firewall-cmd --get-active-zones
</code>


==== zones ====

<code>
firewall-cmd --list-all-zones
firewall-cmd --info-zone=home
</code>


==== interface ====

<code>
firewall-cmd --get-zone-of-interface=YOUR-INTERFACE
</code>

<alert type="info" icon="fa fa-info-circle">Check your interface name/s with ''%%ip -o addr show scope global | awk '{print $2}'%%''.</alert>


==== services ====

<code>
firewall-cmd --get-services
firewall-cmd --list-services --zone=home
firewall-cmd --info-service YOUR-SERVICE
</code>

**Self created**:
<code>
ls /etc/firewalld/services/
</code>

**Default**:
<code>
ls /usr/lib/firewalld/services/
</code>


==== ports ====

<code>
firewall-cmd --list-ports --zone=home
</code>


==== rich rules ====

<code>
firewall-cmd --list-rich-rules --zone=home
</code>


==== policies ====

<code>
ls /usr/lib/firewalld/policies/
ls /etc/firewalld/policies/
</code>


===== Desktop tray =====

Only if you are running a desktop environment on your server or for your desktop computer. 

The GUI can also be useful if you need to quickly change zones at specific network locations.

<code>
pacman -S python-pyqt6
</code>

<code>
firewall-applet
</code>

<code>
nano ~/.config/firewall/applet.conf
</code>

<code>
[General]
notifications=true
show-inactive=true
</code>


===== Change runtime to permanent =====

The permanent option ''%%--permanent%%'' can be used to set options permanently. These changes are not effective immediately, only after service restart/reload or system reboot. Without the ''%%--permanent%%'' option, a change will only be part of the ''%%--runtime%%'' configuration.

<code>
firewall-cmd --runtime-to-permanent
</code>